Gold's inertness explained by surface structure

Scientists have uncovered new insights into why gold, unlike other noble metals, exhibits remarkable inertness. Previously attributed to electron shielding, new research suggests that gold's resistance to oxidation is primarily due to its surface crystal structure. Specifically, the common hexagonal pattern found on bulk gold surfaces does not readily bind with oxygen molecules, requiring significant energy to split them. In contrast, gold nanoparticles, which can expose different surface structures like a square pattern, demonstrate catalytic properties by more easily binding and deforming oxygen molecules. This finding redefines our understanding of gold's chemical behavior and its potential applications.